木質護墻板施工工藝流程
1.材料(liao)準備在(zai)安裝(zhuang)前(qian)，需(xu)備齊施(shi)工材料(liao)，以便加快進度(du)
①木(mu)(mu)骨(gu)架(jia)料(liao)。也叫墻(qiang)筋，一(yi)般是用杉(shan)木(mu)(mu)或紅(hong)、白松木(mu)(mu)制作，木(mu)(mu)骨(gu)架(jia)間距(ju)400—600mm，具體間距(ju)還(huan)須根(gen)據(ju)面板(ban)規格而(er)定。橫向骨(gu)架(jia)與豎向相同，骨(gu)架(jia)斷(duan)面尺(chi)寸約（20—45）mm×（40—50）mm，高度(du)及橫料(liao)長度(du)按設計要求截斷(duan)，并在(zai)大(da)面刨平、刨光(guang)、保(bao)證厚度(du)尺(chi)寸一(yi)致。木(mu)(mu)料(liao)含水(shui)率不(bu)得大(da)于10%。
②面料板(ban)。多(duo)用3—5層的膠合板(ban)，若做清漆(qi)飾(shi)面，應盡量挑選同樹種、同紋理、同顏色的膠合板(ban)。
③裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)線(xian)與壓(ya)條(tiao)(tiao)。用于墻裙(qun)上(shang)部裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)造型(xing)，壓(ya)條(tiao)(tiao)線(xian)形(xing)式很多(duo)，從材質上(shang)分為硬雜木(mu)條(tiao)(tiao)、白木(mu)條(tiao)(tiao)、水(shui)曲柳木(mu)條(tiao)(tiao)、核桃木(mu)線(xian)、柚(you)木(mu)線(xian)、桐木(mu)線(xian)等，長度(du)在2—5m。從用途上(shang)分為墻裙(qun)壓(ya)條(tiao)(tiao)、墻裙(qun)面板(ban)(ban)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)線(xian)、頂角(jiao)線(xian)、吊(diao)頂裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)線(xian)、踢(ti)腳板(ban)(ban)、門(men)窗套裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)線(xian)（在后面門(men)窗裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)套重點介紹(shao)）等。
④冷底子油和油氈。用于防潮(chao)層。
⑤釘子：釘木骨架和面板用。
2.工具準備
護墻板施(shi)工(gong)的(de)主要工(gong)具有刨子、磨(mo)石、榔頭、手(shou)鋸、扁鏟、方尺、粉(fen)線包、裁口刨等。
3.作業條件
在施工前，需檢查墻面基層質量，合格后方可施工。護墻板的裝飾(shi)施工工藝(yi)介紹。
①抹灰墻面已干燥，含水率在8%—10%以下，墻面應平整。
②干(gan)燥后涂(tu)刷冷底(di)子油，并貼上油氈防(fang)潮層。
4.施工方法
①彈線、檢查預(yu)埋件。根據施(shi)工圖上的尺寸，先在墻上畫出水(shui)平(ping)標高(gao)，彈出分擋線。根據線擋在墻上加木(mu)橛或(huo)預(yu)先砌入木(mu)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)。木(mu)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)（或(huo)木(mu)橛）位置應符合龍(long)骨分檔尺寸。木(mu)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)的間(jian)距(ju)，橫(heng)豎(shu)一般不大于400mm，如木(mu)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)位置不適用可(ke)補設。
②安裝木(mu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。全(quan)高(gao)型(xing)(xing)護墻(qiang)板(ban)應根據房間(jian)四角和上(shang)(shang)下(xia)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先找(zhao)平(ping)、找(zhao)直(zhi)、按面(mian)(mian)板(ban)分塊大小由上(shang)(shang)到下(xia)做(zuo)好木(mu)標筋，然(ran)后在(zai)空當內根據設(she)計要(yao)求(qiu)釘(ding)橫、豎龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，先裝直(zhi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，再裝橫龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。局部型(xing)(xing)護墻(qiang)板(ban)根據高(gao)度和房間(jian)大小，做(zuo)成龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)架，整片或分片安裝，在(zai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)與(yu)墻(qiang)之間(jian)鋪一(yi)層油(you)氈以防潮氣。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)間(jian)距(ju)(ju)：一(yi)般橫龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)間(jian)距(ju)(ju)400mm，豎龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)間(jian)距(ju)(ju)可放大到450mm。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)必須與(yu)每塊木(mu)磚(zhuan)釘(ding)牢，如(ru)果沒埋木(mu)磚(zhuan)，也可用鋼釘(ding)直(zhi)接把木(mu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)釘(ding)入水泥砂漿面(mian)(mian)層上(shang)(shang)。當木(mu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)釘(ding)完后，要(yao)檢(jian)查表面(mian)(mian)平(ping)整與(yu)立面(mian)(mian)垂直(zhi)，陰陽角用方(fang)(fang)尺套方(fang)(fang)，調整龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)表面(mian)(mian)偏差處所墊(dian)木(mu)塊，必須與(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)釘(ding)牢。如(ru)需隔音，中(zhong)間(jian)需填隔音輕質材料。
③裝(zhuang)(zhuang)釘(ding)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)。如果面(mian)(mian)板(ban)上(shang)涂刷(shua)清漆顯露木(mu)紋(wen)時，應挑選(xuan)相(xiang)同樹種及顏色、木(mu)紋(wen)相(xiang)近似的面(mian)(mian)板(ban)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)同一房間里。鑲面(mian)(mian)板(ban)時，木(mu)紋(wen)根部向(xiang)下(xia)、對稱、顏色一致、嵌(qian)合嚴密(mi)，分(fen)格拉(la)縫(feng)均(jun)勻一致、順直光潔。如果面(mian)(mian)板(ban)上(shang)涂刷(shua)色漆時可不(bu)受上(shang)述條(tiao)件的限制。護墻板(ban)面(mian)(mian)層一般豎向(xiang)分(fen)格拉(la)縫(feng)以防翹鼓。
面(mian)(mian)板的(de)固定(ding)有(you)兩種方(fang)法，一(yi)種是(shi)(shi)(shi)粘(zhan)釘結(jie)合，做(zuo)法是(shi)(shi)(shi)先在木(mu)龍骨(gu)上刷膠(jiao)黏劑(ji)，將(jiang)面(mian)(mian)板粘(zhan)在木(mu)龍骨(gu)上，然后(hou)用射釘槍釘（目(mu)的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了使(shi)面(mian)(mian)板和木(mu)龍骨(gu)粘(zhan)貼牢固），待膠(jiao)黏劑(ji)干后(hou)，將(jiang)小釘拔出。護(hu)墻板面(mian)(mian)層的(de)豎向拉(la)縫(feng)形式有(you)直拉(la)縫(feng)和斜面(mian)(mian)拉(la)縫(feng)兩種，為(wei)(wei)了美觀起見(jian)，豎向拉(la)縫(feng)處可鑲釘壓(ya)條，目(mu)前壓(ya)條均采(cai)用機器預制成品。
如(ru)果做(zuo)全高型護墻板(ban)(ban)(ban)，護墻板(ban)(ban)(ban)縱向需有接頭(tou)，接頭(tou)最好在窗口(kou)上(shang)部或窗臺以(yi)下(xia)，有利于(yu)美觀。厚木(mu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)作面層或踢腳(jiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)時，板(ban)(ban)(ban)的背面應(ying)做(zuo)卸(xie)(xie)力(li)槽(cao)，以(yi)免(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)面彎(wan)曲。卸(xie)(xie)力(li)槽(cao)間距不大于(yu) 150mm，槽(cao)寬10mm，深5—8mm。磨(mo)光(guang)油漆。護墻板(ban)(ban)(ban)安(an)裝完畢后(hou)，就(jiu)對木(mu)墻裙進行打磨(mo)、批填膩子(zi)、刷底涂、磨(mo)光(guang)滑、涂刷清漆。
5.操作注意事項
①嚴格按照(zhao)施工順序進(jin)行(xing)施工。
②制做木龍骨時，要(yao)大面(mian)刨平、刨光(guang)，安裝(zhuang)木龍骨要(yao)牢固，每塊木磚上要(yao)釘2個釘子(zi)。
③裝釘護墻板時，不要把面層破壞。
④在(zai)陰陽角固定木(mu)壓(ya)條或釘陰陽角裝飾線時(shi)，要(yao)進行(xing) 45°對縫。
⑤面板上(shang)的裝(zhuang)飾線條要與木色近似。
6.質量標準
①護墻板安裝(zhuang)完畢(bi)后(hou)，按(an)設計要(yao)求，應尺(chi)寸正確、表面光滑、條條順直。錘印、與基層鑲(xiang)釘(ding)牢(lao)固、無(wu)松動(dong)、出(chu)墻厚度一致。
②木質踢腳板及蓋線安裝護墻板頂部(bu)要(yao)拉線找平(ping)，釘(ding)木(mu)(mu)壓條。木(mu)(mu)壓條又稱壓頂條，樣式很多。在(zai)鋪釘(ding)木(mu)(mu)壓條時，要(yao)挑(tiao)選規格尺(chi)寸(cun)一致、木(mu)(mu)紋和顏(yan)色近似的釘(ding)在(zai)一起，壓條的貼木(mu)(mu)處理(li)，踢腳(jiao)板與壓項條在(zai)長度拼(pin)接時，一定(ding)要(yao)在(zai)厚度上做45°對縫拼(pin)接，釘(ding)固時所(suo)有的釘(ding)子要(yao)沖帽釘(ding)牢。實木(mu)(mu)踢腳(jiao)板背(bei)面要(yao)做卸力槽(cao)，并有透氣孔，保證(zheng)地板通風(feng)槽(cao)起作(zuo)用。
③裝配式護墻板及其他護墻板的裝飾施工裝配式護墻板目前木質浮雕護墻板又稱裝配式護墻板，廣泛(fan)用于居(ju)室(shi)自助(zhu)式裝(zhuang)(zhuang)潢，它(ta)是選用高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫、高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓成型的高(gao)(gao)(gao)密度板，與(yu)三夾(jia)板、水曲柳(liu)板拼(pin)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的護墻板相比，具有不(bu)變形(xing)、不(bu)開(kai)裂、阻燃及抗(kang)拉強(qiang)度高(gao)(gao)(gao)、防水、防腐(fu)蝕、防潮(chao)濕、耐高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫、易清理、木紋清晰(xi)、不(bu)退色(se)、免上漆、款式雅致、立體感覺強(qiang)、美(mei)觀大方等優(you)點。
常見三種木質護墻板安裝工藝
護墻板主要有自助式護墻板、實木護墻板、中密度纖維護墻板、防火材料護墻板、塑料扣板護墻板、鋁合金護(hu)(hu)(hu)墻板(ban)、彩色鋼板(ban)護(hu)(hu)(hu)墻板(ban)、石膏板(ban)護(hu)(hu)(hu)墻板(ban)等。在(zai)居(ju)室裝(zhuang)潢中有些(xie)用(yong)得(de)很少(shao)，有些(xie)其安裝(zhuang)工藝大同小異(yi)，在(zai)此只介(jie)(jie)紹中密度(du)護(hu)(hu)(hu)墻板(ban)與實木護(hu)(hu)(hu)墻板(ban)的施工，石膏護(hu)(hu)(hu)墻板(ban)將在(zai)隔斷墻面施工中加以介(jie)(jie)紹。
